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Count of Flanders
The Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders from the 9th century. The title was held for a time by the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Spain, until it was effectively abolished during the French Revolution after 1790 when the region was annexed to France. The title has also twice been granted to younger sons of the King of the Belgians, the most recent holder dying in 1983.
Although the early rulers, from Arnulf I onwards, were sometimes referred to as margraves or marquesses, this alternate title largely fell out of use by the 12th century. Since then the rulers of Flanders have only been referred to as Counts.
The Counts of Flanders enlarged their estate through a series of diplomatic manoeuvres. The counties of Hainaut, Namur, Béthune, Nevers, Auxerre, Rethel, Burgundy, and Artois were acquired via marriage with the respective heiresses. The County of Flanders itself suffered the same fate. By the marriage of Countess Margaret III with Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, the county and the subsidiary counties entered a personal union with the Duchy of Burgundy in 1405. The county itself ceased to exist in 1795.
The Counts of Flanders were also associated with the Duchy of Brittany prior to its union with France. Count Baldwin VII married Hawise, the daughter of Alan IV, Duke of Brittany. Later Joan, the daughter of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, married the second son of Count Robert III. The granddaughter of Count Robert III, and the daughter of his son, Count Louis I, Joanna of Flanders married John Montfort. During his imprisonment, she fought on behalf of Montfort, alongside English allies, during the Breton War of Succession for the Ducal crown, which was won definitively by her son John V, Duke of Brittany. It was through this House of Montfort that the Duchy of Brittany was eventually joined to the throne of France.
==List of Counts of Flanders==
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